• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    fire detection system and method a fire detection system for an aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or cargo storage facility comprising one or more rfid tags (10) associated with one or more cargo items (4) being transported or stored. the rfid tag (10) is configured to detect, an indicative condition and a fire in or near the cargo item (4), for example, a temperature rise or smoke generation. one or more readers and rfid (12) are arranged to read rfid tags (10). the RFID reader (12) is connected to or forms a part of a control system (18), the RFID reader (12) or the control system by determining whether the RFID tag (10) has detected a fire condition.
    公开号:BR102014005910B1
    申请号:R102014005910-5
    申请日:2014-03-13
    公开日:2021-08-03
    发明作者:Paul D. Smith；Paul Rennie；Josephine Gabrielle Gatsonides
    申请人:Kidde Technologies, Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD
    [001] The present disclosure relates to a fire detection system and, in particular, to a fire detection system for use in aircraft, cargo transport vehicles or cargo storage facilities. FUNDAMENTALS
    [002] Cargo is currently commonly transported by a variety of means, for example, by truck, trailer, rail, ship and air. Cargoes are also commonly stored in warehouses or other storage facilities. There is always a danger that, due to the nature of the cargo itself, or external factors, the cargo might catch fire. If undetected, fire can spread to other cargoes and to other parts of the aircraft, vehicle or storage facility. This is particularly undesirable on aircraft, where the consequences of a fire can be catastrophic. It is, therefore, desirable that fire originating from cargoes be quickly detected.
    [003] In many cases, however, the cargo will not be visible to the team or crew, so it will be difficult to easily identify if and where the fire may have started. Some aircraft, vehicles and storage facilities are equipped with fire detection systems that incorporate static fire detectors. These systems can provide an indication of a fire in the aircraft, vehicle or storage facility, but cannot detect fire at an early stage. This is particularly so if cargo is being transported or stored in containers or pallets, commonly referred to as Unit Loading Devices ("ULDs"). In this case, a fire may have started inside a ULD, but external, static detectors may not sense that fire very quickly. When smoke or fire penetrates the walls of the ULD and triggers the fire detection system, the fire may have developed to a significant degree, making the fire difficult to control and, in aircraft-based systems, only giving little time for the aircraft being safely landed. In addition, these fixed systems do not provide staff or crew with information about the nature of goods that have already caught fire, or other information that may be of use to staff or crew in deciding how best to handle the fire. The fixed system may also not provide a particularly accurate indication of the location of the fire. This disclosure is intended to address at least some of these issues. SUMMARY
    [004] Disclosed in this document is a fire detection system for an aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or cargo storage facility comprising: one or more RFID tags associated with one or more items of cargo being transported or stored, the said RFID tag being configured to detect a condition indicative of a fire in or in the vicinity of the cargo item; one or more RFID readers disposed within the transport vehicle or storage facility to read said one or more RFID tags; said RFID reader being connected to or forming a part of a control system, the RFID reader or the control system, determining whether the RFID tag has detected a fire condition.
    [005] A method of detecting a fire in an aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or cargo storage facility comprising: providing one or more cargo items with an RFID tag, said RFID tag being configured to detect a condition indicative of a fire in or near the cargo item; the provision to the transportation or storage facility of one or more RFID tag readers; reading said RFID tag with. said RFID tag reader; and determining the reading if fire has been detected.
    [006] Thus, in accordance with this disclosure, an RFID tag, which is commonly affixed to an item of cargo for tracking and inventory purposes, is also configured to detect a fire condition. The RFID tag is read by an RFID tag reader that is connected to or is part of a control system that identifies whether a fire condition has been detected by the RFID tag. The RFID reader or control system, of which it is a part, determines whether a fire has been detected by an RFID tag.
    [007] Using an RFID tag provided on a cargo item, a fire can be detected more quickly and more appropriate measurements can be taken than when using fixed detectors. In addition, no special fire detectors need to be provided on the cargo - the ability to sense fire is built into an RFID tag, which will be provided on the cargo item for inventory, tracking or other purposes.
    [008] The cargo item can be contained in a ULD and the ULD can itself be provided with an RFID tag.
    [009] A fire condition is one that indicates that a fire has actually started or it may be a fire harbinger condition. So it can be, for example, a temperature condition, for example, a predetermined temperature or temperature rise. RFID tags are often provided with a temperature sensitivity function, particularly where temperature sensitive goods are being transported. The control system can therefore be configured to identify fire when a predetermined temperature or temperature rise is felt.
    [0010] Additionally or alternatively, the fire condition can be, for example, the production of smoke or gas. The RFID tag can therefore be provided with a smoke or gas sensitivity function. I
    [0011] The control can, upon determination that a fire condition has been detected by an RFID device, take various measures. • .
    [0012] In a first modality, it can trigger a warning, for example, in a monitoring facility, aircraft cabin, vehicle cabin or similar, to alert the team to verify the risk and take appropriate action. /
    [0013] This action may involve, for example, the activation of a manual fire suppression system. Additionally or alternatively, in aircraft base systems, the aircraft may be directed to an appropriate location where the fire can be fought by a suitably equipped ground team to fight the fire. Depending on the nature of the fire or the goods, this could be the nearest airport, for example, or an airport that has the capacity to deal with the specific identified risk. Additionally or alternatively, the control can automatically initiate a fire suppression system.
    [0014] The system can also communicate a warning to a remote location, for example, the airport where an aircraft intends to land, to notify the ground team: of the nature of the goods etc. involved in the fire so that the appropriate firefighting equipment can be prepared. This communication channel can only be started after fire detection.
    [0015] The detection system can also make use of other data held by the RFID tag in assisting staff and crew to deal with a fire. <
    [0016] For example, the data held on the RFID tag may include an indication of the item's type, for example, whether it is dangerous, the quantity, and so on. This data will be extremely useful for firefighters in firefighting. j ■ ,j
    [0017] A dispatcher may not want this data to be openly available, so the system can be configured such that before a fire or pre-fire condition is detected, only data relevant to fire detection is accessible. Only when a fire has been detected will additional data become accessible.
    [0018] The system can also aid in a more accurate indication of the fire location in the aircraft, vehicle or storage facility. For example, the ID data held by the RFID tag can be linked to a cargo manifest, which can indicate the item's location within the aircraft, vehicle or storage facility. The system can therefore provide cargo manifest data* or provide access to cargo manifest data for personnel, crew, etc., at the facility or at a remote location from it, eg fire crew at an airport.
    [0019] In addition, should more than one RFID reader be employed, the position of the RFID tag could be calculated by triangulation.
    [0020] Any relevant data, eg cargo position, can be displayed by a suitable graphical user interface in the cab or elsewhere.
    [0021] The aircraft, vehicle or storage facility may already be equipped with a fire detection system. Typically this can include a number of fire detectors arranged in fixed positions within the facility. This may not provide an initial indication of fire, especially if, as discussed above, the fire starts inside a container or pallet. The RFID tag system discussed above improves fire detection as the detectors, ie the RFID tags themselves, will be attached to the item of loads j or their packages, which may be inside a Unit Load Device.
    [0022] The RFID tag detector system can be properly integrated with the fixed fire detector system. For example, the RFID tag system can be connected to the same system as; such as fixed fire detectors.
    [0023] In another embodiment, the RFID tag need not incorporate a fire detection capability. It can, however, be integrated into the fixed fire detector system, such that when a fixed fire detector detects a fire, an RFID reader asks the RFID tag to read the ID or other data of the item, allowing that so that this data is made available to the crew, etc. From another aspect of this disclosure, therefore, there is provided a fire detection system for an aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or cargo storage facility comprising: one or more fixed fire detectors; one or more RFID tags associated with one or more items of cargo being transported or stored; and one or more RFID readers arranged within the aircraft, transport vehicle or storage facility to request that one or more of said RFID tags, in the event that said detector senses fire, produce data in relation to the item of charge available for the fire detection system.
    [0024] For example, an RFID reader closest to the detector that sensed the fire might request an adjacent RFID tag.
    [0025] In addition to acting to produce a fire warning based solely on RFID tags, RFID tags can be integrated i ' •. to the fixed detector system to improve system sensitivity. For example, many fixed detector systems can be operated at a high sensitivity level, but this may mean that the system produces false ■ ' F alarms. In one embodiment, therefore, RFID tags can act as a pre-alarm to increase the sensitivity of one or more fixed detectors, for example, those detectors located in close proximity to the RFID tag that generated the warning. I BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0026] An exemplary embodiment of the fire detection system in accordance with this disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying Figure 1 . there DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0027] Figure 1 schematically illustrates a modality of this disclosure in an aircraft cargo compartment 2. Of course it will be recognized that this is not limiting and that the system is applicable to other cargo transport vehicles, such as trucks, trailers and ships and also to storage facilities such as depots. Cargo compartment 2 is therefore simply representative of a space in which cargo is transported or stored.
    [0028] Items of cargo 4 are contained within cargo compartment 2 in ULDs, for example, in cargo containers 6 or cargo pallets 8. Several items of cargo 4 are shown contained in each ULD, although it is evident that one or more items from payload 4 may also be contained. ■
    [0029] As illustrated, each item of cargo 4, and container 6 is equipped with an RFID tag 10. Although each item of cargo 4 is shown as having an RFID tag 10, this is not essential, and only certain 4 items can also be equipped. Furthermore, while container 6 is shown as equipped with an RFID tag 10, this is not necessary and one, more or none of the ULDs can be equipped with the RFID tag 10, if desired.
    [0030] RFID tags 10 are normally provided in charge 4 for tracking and inventory purposes, but in accordance with this disclosure, RFID tags 10’ are provided with features that detect a fire condition. As used in this document, the term "fire condition" is not limited to the fire itself, but also extends to pre-fire conditions, that is, conditions that indicate that a fire has started or may be about to start. For example, RFID tag 10 can be configured to measure temperature. This functionality is already provided in certain RFID tags, for example, in the transport and storage of temperature-sensitive goods. Additionally or alternatively, the RFID tag 10 can be configured to detect other conditions indicative of fire, such as smoke or other gases. Again, this functionality has been incorporated into RFID tags.
    [0031] RFID tags 10 can be of any suitable type, for example, battery assisted, active with low power or active. These types of tags are well known in the art. A passive tag is not powered and will transmit data only when requested by an RFID reader. A battery-assisted tag has a battery that powers, for example, a chip or other component of the tag, but which will only transmit upon request by a reader. An active tag is one that is equipped with a power source such that it can transmit continuously, for example, where data is needed in real time. For aircraft applications, passive or battery-assisted tags may be desirable, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. Obviously, any RFID tag 10 used must comply with any regulations and standards that apply to the field of use.
    [0032] In the disclosed embodiment, the cargo bay 2 is also provided with a plurality of RFID readers 12. The type of reader 12 used will be suitable for the tag 10, but will normally include a transceiver 14 for interrogating the RFID tag 10 and rec eber your answer.
    [0033] The cargo compartment 2 is also equipped, as is conventional in the art, with a “fixed fire detection system” comprising a plurality of fire detectors 16 connected to a control 18. The detectors 16 are normally mounted on fixed locations in cargo compartment 2, for example on the roof 20 and in the floor area or sentinel 22 of compartment 2. Detectors 16 are normally wired * - í with cables in control 18 via wiring 24, although wireless connections are also possible. As is known in the art, when detectors 16 detect a fire, control 18 will take appropriate action by providing a warning to the aircraft cabin to allow a crew member to act, for example by starting an operated fire extinguishing system. manually.
    [0034] RFID readers 12 can be mounted separately from fixed detectors 16 or, as schematically illustrated: somehow ; incorporated in or with the same. In this mode the RFID readers 12 are connected to the control 18 through the same wiring 24 as the fixed detectors 16, although the ]J<FID 12 readers can be connected to the control 18 through different means, wired or wireless.
    [0035] The control system 18 in this mode is common to the fixed detector system and the RFID-based system, but separate or linked controls can also be provided.
    [0036] The control system 18 is connected to a number of systems, for example a cabin warning system 26 and a communication system 28, for example a satellite communication system.
    [0037] Now, details of the functioning of the system will be discussed.
    [0038] In use, the RFID tags 10 associated with the cargo will act as detectors for a fire condition in, or adjacent to, its associated cargo 4 or ULD 6 item. Thus, the RFID tag 10 can, for example, monitor the temperature of item 4, and/or the presence of smoke adjacent to item 4. As the RFID tag 10 is close to item 4, it will detect fire much faster than the fixed detectors 16 in compartment 2.
    [0039] RFID tags 10 will be periodically checked by RFID readers 12 that provide information provided by RFID tags 12 to control 18 that will determine if a fire condition has been detected and will take appropriate action. Of course, the determination can be made inside the RFID reader 12 and a suitable signal sent to the control 18.
    [0040] In this mode the control 18 is connected to the warning system of cabin 26. When a warning is generated in the cabin, the crew can take the appropriate measures, for example, start a fire suppression system to control the fire. They can also, for example, take steps to land the aircraft as soon as possible, if deemed appropriate, to allow the fire to be fought by the ground crew. ;
    [0041] Additionally or alternatively, control 18 may i automatically initiate a fire suppression system.
    [0042] However, the supplementary information provided on RFID tags 10 allows additional information to be provided to the crew and others. ;
    [0043] For this reason, the control system can also communicate relevant data to an external party, for example the ground crew, firefighters and so on via the communication system 28. This communication channel can only be initiated by means of fire detection. ;
    [0044] The data kept on the RFID tag 10 may include an indication of the type of item 4 in question, for example, whether the hazard, and the quantity. This information will assist the crew in taking appropriate action. For example, it will allow a ground crew to provide adequate firefighting equipment when the plane lands.
    [0045] To protect data held on RFID tags 10, during normal operation, that is, before a fire condition is detected, only data relevant to fire detection can be accessed through RFID reader 12. Thus, data about the item itself will remain ■ . ;-r inaccessible. Only when a fire condition is detected will additional information become accessible to the system.
    [0046] The RFID tag 10 can also be useful to accurately indicate the location of fire within <3 storage compartment 2. The RFID tag 10 will typically have a unique ID for the cargo item 4 in question. In addition, the container 6 or pallet 8 into which items 4 of the cargo are loaded will also have a unique code. The position of the container or pallet in storage compartment 2 will generally also be known as the cargo is normally loaded according to a well-determined plan, based on information about hazardous materials, weight distribution, cargo priority, etc. This loading plan can be included as) part of the declared load that is normally accessible, for example, by the airline and freight. The control system, therefore, can also provide or transmit cargo declaration data to, or provide access to this data to employees, firefighters, etc., to inform them in advance where in cargo compartment 2 the source of the fire is located and where hazardous/flammable materials may be preserved, for example.
    [0047] Data can be displayed by an appropriate graphical user interface provided in the cab or remotely.
    [0048] In another embodiment, RFID tags 10 need not incorporate a fire detection capability. These can, however, be integrated into the fixed Fire detector system, such that when a fixed fire detector 16 detects a fire, the control 18 checks the RFID tags 10 to read the item ID or other data, as indicated above , thereby allowing these data to be made available to the crew etc.
    [0049] In addition to acting to produce a fire warning based solely on the 10 RFID tags, the 10 tags can be integrated into the fixed sensor system to improve the sensitivity of that system. In this way, fixed detectors 16 are more likely to detect fire without producing false alarms. So, in an example, if a certain temperature or temperature rise is perceived, or another fire indicator is detected by an RFID tag 10 this will trigger the increased sensitivity of the fixed sensors 16.
    [0050] It will be understood that although the modality described above shows an aircraft-based system, the disclosure is not limited thereto and may apply to any freight transport or storage facility such as trucks, trailers, ships and warehouses.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    1. Method of detecting fire in an aircraft, in another cargo transport vehicle or in a cargo storage facility, which method comprises: providing one or more cargo items (4) with an RFID tag (10), being said RFID tag (10) configured to detect a condition indicative of a fire in the cargo item (4) or in its proximity; providing the transport or storage facility with one or more RFID tag readers (12); reading that RFID tag (10) with said one or more RFID tag readers (12); determine, from said reading, whether a fire condition has been detected; and produce a warning when a fire condition has been detected; characterized by the fact that: the notice includes data held by said RFID tag (10) related to the cargo item and in that before a fire condition is detected, only data relevant to fire detection are accessible, other data becoming accessible only after a fire condition has been detected.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the notice is provided in or on the aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or storage facility.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the notice is provided remotely from the aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or storage facility.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises communicating the notice to a remote location.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the data includes one or more of an indication of the type of charge, the amount of charge and the location of the charge.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the data comprises identification data (ID) that are linked to a cargo manifest, which provides an indication of the location of the cargo item (4) .
    [0007]
    7. Fire detection system for an aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or cargo storage facility, which system comprises: one or more RFID tags (10) provided on one or more cargo items (4) being transported or stored, the RFID tag (10) being configured to detect a condition indicative of fire in the cargo item (4) or in its proximity; one or more RFID readers (12) disposed within the transport vehicle or storage facility to read that one or more RFID tags (10); the RFID reader (12) being connected to or forming part of a control system (18), such an RFID reader (12) or such a control system (18) determining whether said RFID tag (10) has detected a fire condition , the control system configured to produce a warning when a fire condition has been detected; characterized by the fact that: the notice includes data held by said RFID tag (10) related to the cargo item and that before a fire condition is detected, only data relevant to fire detection are accessible, other data becoming accessible only after a fire condition has been detected.
    [0008]
    8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises means for providing the notice in or on the aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or storage facility.
    [0009]
    9. System according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises means for providing the warning remotely from the aircraft, cargo transport vehicle or storage facility.
    [0010]
    10. System according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises means to communicate the notice to a remote location.
    [0011]
    11. System according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the data includes one or more of an indication of the type of load, the quantity of load and the location of the load.
    [0012]
    12. System according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the data comprise identification data (ID) that are linked to a cargo manifest, which provides an indication of the location of the cargo item (4).
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    法律状态:
    2015-07-14| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-11-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-31| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-25| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB1304533.1A|GB2511798A|2013-03-13|2013-03-13|Fire detection system|
    GB1304533.1|2013-03-13|
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